To determine the number of floor tiles required to cover a given space, multiply the length by the width of the space in feet to calculate the total square footage or area, then di...Tile floors are a popular choice for many homeowners due to their durability and easy maintenance. However, keeping them clean can be a challenge, especially if you’re unsure about...Jul 24, 2017 ... Have you tried mixing baking soda, liquid soap and vinegar? It is an amazing mixture for cleaning the tiles and grout. Reply. Melissa ...seal. maintain. Tips for Grout Cleaning. Play. Our Tile and Grout Cleaning Equipment. When we clean tile and grout we use a high-pressure water and vacuum system along …VonHaus Upright Steam Mop. Our best hardwood floor cleaner reviews wouldn’t be complete without including this steam mop from VonHaus. This device comes with microfiber, machine-washable pads that are perfect for cleaning tile, laminate, and wood floors. There is also a pad specifically for carpeted surfaces.Best Overall: Spot Less Flat Floor Mop and Bucket Set. The High Points: Price, 5 washable pads, Ability use any cleaning solution. The Spot Less Flat Floor mop allows users to tap into the long-standing tradition of cleaning floors with a sturdy mop and a bucket full of soapy suds.Whether you're tackling kitchen backsplash, shower walls, or tile floors, it makes a huge difference in how clean your space looks. Thankfully, the supply list to get the job done is simple: ... The 7 Best Tile Floor Cleaners of 2024. The 9 Best Glass Cleaners of 2024 . The 8 Best All-Purpose Cleaners of 2024. The 9 Best Carpet Stain Removers ...... floor cleaner recipe. I ... For best results, sweep the floor prior to using the floor cleaner. ... floor cleaner works like magic to clean your vinyl and tile ...Aug 7, 2019 · Step-by-Step Guide to Cleaning Tile Floors. Sweep or vacuum the surface to remove dirt and debris. Make sure to get in all of the corners, where dirt and crumbs collect. Wipe the floor clean. You can effectively clean a tile floor simply using warm water. You can also mix in a commercial floor cleaner, following all manufacturer instructions ... Steps. Combine the ingredients in a spray bottle or bucket. Spray or mop 3-foot sections at a time. There is no need to rinse the floor. You can rinse your mop head to keep it clean, but wring it out well to avoid diluting the floor cleaner. If using a bucket, change your mopping solution if it looks dirty.In a bucket, mix a solution of 1 gallon hot water, 1 cup vinegar, and a few drops of dish soap. Using a microfiber mop, mop the floor from back to front. Assess the room and follow a path that ensures you end at an exit. Use a soft-bristled brush to remove stubborn dirt, or in high traffic areas. Dump out the mixture and refill your bucket with ...The 5 Best Grout Cleaners (2024 Review) ; Black Diamond Ultimate Grout Cleaner. $19.57 ; Clean-eez Grout-eez Grout Cleaner. $21.95 ; Bar Keepers Friend Soft ...While the price of Nellie’s Wow Too Bundle is higher than any of the other mops on this list, we found that it was one of the best mops for hardwood floors during our testing. During testing, we found that this mop takes all of the elbow grease out of the chore, with a mop head that oscillates 1,050 times per minute.Best floor mop for hardwood floors – Bona premium wood floor spray mop: £48.49, Amazon.co.uk Best electric floor mop – Bissell spinwave hard floor cleaner and polisher: £139, Amazon.co.ukApr 4, 2021 ... According to the Go Clean Co pros, Tide is safe and effective to use on hardwood, engineered hardwood, tile, laminate, vinyl planks, and ...If you have a lot of hard flooring – particularly of the wooden kind – then make this model is a shoo-in. Read my full Bissell Crosswave Cordless Max review, if you’re still not convinced ...Lipstick, Grease, or Ink Stains: Dampen a microfiber cloth with rubbing alcohol. Start at the outer edge and work toward the center of the stain to prevent the stain from growing larger. Keep moving to a clean section of the cloth as the stain is transferred to prevent smearing. Scuffs: Shoes and furniture can leave scuff marks on LVP flooring.Apr 8, 2023 ... Clean your floor with a soft scrub brush and the vinegar and water as suggested by Ann and Redcatcec. Then use a dry mop or large cloth to ...VonHaus Upright Steam Mop. Our best hardwood floor cleaner reviews wouldn’t be complete without including this steam mop from VonHaus. This device comes with microfiber, machine-washable pads that are perfect for cleaning tile, laminate, and wood floors. There is also a pad specifically for carpeted surfaces.Top 5 Steam Cleaners. Best Mop Head: Shark S5003D Genius Hard Floor Cleaning System Pocket Steam Mop. Best Design: Dupray Neat Steam Cleaner. Best Medium-Duty Cleaner: McCulloch MC1275 Heavy-Duty Steam Cleaner. Best Heavy-Duty Cleaner: McCulloch MC1385 Deluxe Canister Steam Cleaner. Most Versatile: PurSteam …Whether you're tackling kitchen backsplash, shower walls, or tile floors, it makes a huge difference in how clean your space looks. Thankfully, the supply list to get the job done is simple: ... The 7 Best Tile Floor Cleaners of 2024. The 9 Best Glass Cleaners of 2024 . The 8 Best All-Purpose Cleaners of 2024. The 9 Best Carpet Stain Removers ...Periodic cleaning, at least monthly but more depending on traffic or the presence of dirt, is a must for marble floors. Use a soapless cleaner with a neutral pH (pH7) if possible, which will ...RUNNER-UP: Bona Hardwood Floor Cleaner. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Better Life Dirt-Destroying Floor Cleaner. BEST PET-FRIENDLY: Murphy Oil Soap Wood Cleaner. BEST ECO-FRIENDLY: Bona PowerPlus ...Choosing the right laminate floor cleaner is important. Laminate needs to be cleaned with the right type of cleaner in order for it to remain looking its best. There are several gr...Tile floors are a popular choice for many homeowners due to their durability and easy maintenance. However, keeping them clean can be a challenge, especially if you’re unsure about...Black Diamond Marble & Tile Floor Cleaner – Best for Streak-Free Clean. Although the name says marble and tile cleaner, this multi-surface cleaner also works on granite, ceramic, stone, vinyl, travertine, linoleum and porcelain. It’s an easy to use, concentrated, streak-free cleaner that does not require any rinsing.Pros. Cleans right to the edge. Leaves floors very dry. Batteries compatible with other ONEPWR tools. Cons. Manual dosing. No hot air drying. £349.99. Eufy Mach …There is a large variety of tile flooring to choose from, and it can be a little intimidating to know where to start. Tile flooring is easy to clean, durable and water resistant, w...Don't use too much water or the wood could swell and split. Unsealed and waxed floors should be swept regularly and occasionally re-polished. Use wax sparingly, as any excess will leave a tacky ... Top 5 Floor Cleaners. Best For Mops: Swiffer WetJet Multipurpose Floor Cleaner. Best Hardwood Cleaner: Bona Hardwood Floor Cleaner. Best Disinfectant: Pine-Sol All-Purpose Cleaner. Longest Lasting: Fabuloso Multipurpose Professional Cleaner. Best Ingredients: Aunt Fannie’s Floor Cleaner Vinegar Wash. 1. Best Overall Grout Cleaner. CLR Brilliant Bath Foaming Bathroom Cleaner (Pack of 2) $8 at Amazon. 2. Best Stain-Removing Grout Cleaner. CLR Mold …To clean natural stone tile floors, you can follow the same sweeping and mopping techniques used for ceramic and porcelain tile above. However, the important difference is the type of cleaner you must use. ... The 14 Best Tile & Grout Cleaners of 2024. How to Clean Laminate Wood Floors. The 12 Best Mops of 2024, Tested and …The Best Bathroom Cleaners of 2024, Tested & Reviewed. Target mold, soap scum and more with these bleach and bleach-free cleaners. We've been independently researching and testing products for ...The 7 Best Tile Floor Cleaners of 2024. Microfiber Wholesale's Professional Mop Needs No Soap. Swiffer WetJet Floor Spray Mop Review. How to Clean Floors Efficiently With a Steam Mop The 7 Best Mops for Laminate Floors of 2024. The 8 Best Robot Vacuums of 2024, Tested and Reviewed.Jan 16, 2024 ... If mold and mildew stains are your nemesis, CLR's Mold and Mildew Stain Remover can help. It performed well in our tests and was so well ...Nov 21, 2023 · When it comes to getting the best shine on laminate floors, she reaches for Rejuvenate Stone, Tile & Laminate Floor Cleaner. This ammonia-free formula is designed to be tough on stubborn grime and grit, yet gentle enough to use on delicate stone, tile, and laminate. Dr. Beckmann Stone & Tile Floor Cleaner. Best tile cleaner: prevent stains from ruining your tiles with this multi-surface formula. Specifications. Size: 1ltr. Tiles: All types. Dilute: Yes. Today's …Here are a couple of options that keep wood flooring clean and in top condition. 1 gallon of warm water. ¼ cup white vinegar. (optional) 5-10 drops of essential oil or lemon juice. To add some extra polish to the floor as you clean, try this recipe! 1 gallon of warm water. ¾ cup olive oil. ½ cup lemon juice.BEST SPRAY: Bona Premium Spray Mop for Hard-Surface Floors. BEST SPIN: O-Cedar EasyWring Spin Mop and Bucket System. BEST STEAM: Shark Genius Hard Floor Pocket Mop Cleaning System. MOST VERSATILE ...Use a damp microfiber mop or microfiber cloth to remove loose dirt and dust from the tile floor and grout. Make a paste. In a bowl or bucket, mix one cup of baking soda and 1/2 cup hydrogen peroxide. Or, one cup of baking soda, one tablespoon of oxygen-based bleach powder, and 1/2 cup of water. If you are cleaning the floor tile grout in a ...Best overall: The Laundress All-Purpose Cleaning Concentrate. Best value: Method Squirt & Mop Hard Floor Cleaner. Best collection: Kinfill Floor Cleaner Kit. Best scent range: Mrs. Meyer’s Multi-Surface Concentrate. Best for a 360-degree environmental mindset: Grove Co. Floor Cleaner Concentrate. Best long-term investment: …Keep in Mind. It’s abrasive on the hands—gloves are recommended. The Scrub Free with OxiClean Soap Scum Bathroom Cleaner is the best shower tile cleaner for removing soap scum. It’s extremely effective at targeting soap scum and other mess without requiring that much scrubbing.Jan 28, 2024 ... Top 7 Best Mops for Tile Floor in 2024 1 O-Cedar EasyWring Microfiber Spin Mop https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00WSWGVZQ 2 Oxo Good Grips ...Bissell PowerFresh Steam Mop. Sealed hard floor surfaces and carpet can be cleaned and sanitized with the Bissell PowerFresh Steam Mop. Washable microfiber pads safely remove dirt and grime from ceramic tile, linoleum, granite, and marble floors. Just simply attach the carpet glider tool to refresh your carpets.The Mr. Clean professional floor cleaner by Proctor and Gamble is ideal for most homes as it is a versatile cleaner. It makes the list of the best tile floor cleaner because it is good to use on all tile types.If you’re looking to give your home a updated look, Floor & Decor tile flooring is a great option. Not only is it high-quality and easy to clean, but it can also improve the aesthe...This is the best tile floor cleaner machine in terms of high-water tank capacity. It can carry 1.5 liters of water to perform necessary steam functions. Once the water gets heated, it can deliver 45 minutes of constant steam water. Now you can clean grime, grease, stains, mold, and bugs without using any harmful chemicals. ...The Dupray Neat Steam, Bissell PowerFresh Deluxe, Bissell PowerFresh, and McCulloch MC1385 Deluxe topped the class in this assessment. While some of the other models performed well in various cleaning performance submetrics, these models — particularly the Neat Steam — delivered the best all-around performances.Feb 29, 2024 · Best overall steam cleaner: Karcher SC5 easyFix Premium Steam Cleaner – check price. Best overall steam mop: Shark Klik n’ Flip S6003UK Steam Mop – check price. Best handheld option: Hoover ... Steps. Combine the ingredients in a spray bottle or bucket. Spray or mop 3-foot sections at a time. There is no need to rinse the floor. You can rinse your mop head to keep it clean, but wring it out well to avoid diluting the floor cleaner. If using a bucket, change your mopping solution if it looks dirty.GA. Atlanta. Floor Tile Cleaners. 1. Grout Medic Of Decatur. Top Pro. Great 4.8. (29) In high demand. 56 hires on Thumbtack. Serves Atlanta, GA. Helen A. says, "The came in …Mix baking soda and white vinegar in a cup to a paste-like consistency. Use a small brush to apply the mixture to the grout lines. Allow the mixture to remain on the …The best overall mop for tile floors is the Swiffer PowerMop.This affordable mop comes in a kit that includes a spray mop, two mop pad refills, one bottle of cleaning solution, and two batteries.. When we tested the mop, we liked that the rectangular mop head made it easy to clean against edges, like bookcases, cabinets, or walls.Feb 16, 2023 · Casabella Original Mop. The Casabella Original Mop made the top of our list of best floor mops. While this classic sponge mop works for cleaning any type of flooring, it’s an excellent choice for tile floors. The 10-inch cellulose sponge head absorbs liquid spills and scrubs off stuck-on messes on porcelain and ceramic tile. Best marble tile cleaner: Black Diamond Stoneworks Granite Plus! 2-in-1 Cleaner and Sealer. Clean your benchtops, showers, tile floors, and other surfaces with this solution endorsed by stone care professionals. The Black Diamond Granite Plus! cleaner is safe for food contact and hypoallergenic, with a pH-neutral formula.Use a damp microfiber mop or microfiber cloth to remove loose dirt and dust from the tile floor and grout. Make a paste. In a bowl or bucket, mix one cup of baking soda and 1/2 cup hydrogen peroxide. Or, one cup of baking soda, one tablespoon of oxygen-based bleach powder, and 1/2 cup of water. If you are cleaning the floor tile grout in a ...Give the floor a thorough clean with hot water and mild detergent such as conservation grade Vulpex Spirit Soap. Don’t allow water to pool on the surface as it may find its way down between the tiles. Sponge off the surplus as you scrub away. Finally wipe over the tiles with clean water, rinsing the mop frequently. 7.Here are a couple of options that keep wood flooring clean and in top condition. 1 gallon of warm water. ¼ cup white vinegar. (optional) 5-10 drops of essential oil or lemon juice. To add some extra polish to the floor as you clean, try this recipe! 1 gallon of warm water. ¾ cup olive oil. ½ cup lemon juice.The 7 Best Tile Floor Cleaners of 2024. Microfiber Wholesale's Professional Mop Needs No Soap. Swiffer WetJet Floor Spray Mop Review. How to Clean Floors Efficiently With a Steam Mop The 7 Best Mops for Laminate Floors of 2024. The 8 Best Robot Vacuums of 2024, Tested and Reviewed.Best for hardwood: Bona Hardwood Floor Cleaner. Best for laminate: Black Diamond Wood & Laminate Floor Cleaner. Best for tile: Black Diamond Marble & Tile Floor Cleaner. Best budget: Fabuloso ...Ceramic floor tiles are a popular choice for homeowners due to their durability and aesthetic appeal. However, like any other flooring material, they can encounter problems over ti...Dec 18, 2023 · Best floor cleaning products at a glance. Best for wood: Method Almond Wooden Floor Cleaner | Buy now, £4. Best for tiles: CIF Wild Orchid Floor Cleaner | Buy now, £2. Best for laminate: HG Laminate Floor Cleaner | Buy now, £10. Best for vinyl: HG Vinyl Cleaner Extra Strong | Buy now, £11. Bissell PowerFresh Steam Mop. Sealed hard floor surfaces and carpet can be cleaned and sanitized with the Bissell PowerFresh Steam Mop. Washable microfiber pads safely remove dirt and grime from ceramic tile, linoleum, granite, and marble floors. Just simply attach the carpet glider tool to refresh your carpets.8. Pidilite T16 Roff Cera Clean Professional Tile, Floor and Ceramic Cleaner; Best Tiles Cleaners in India Buying Guide: 1. Ease of Use: 2. Fragrant: 3. A Good Disinfectant: 4. Doesn’t Feel Sticky: 5. Safe for Hands: 6. Amount of the Product Needed for Cleaning: 7. Eco-Friendly: Q. Can I use any floor cleaner to clean the tiles? Q.Mar 8, 2024 · The 10 Best Tile Floor Cleaners. 1. Black Diamond Marble & Tile Floor Cleaner — Best Overall. When you want to clean your tile floors, it’s hard to find a better option than Black Diamond Marble & Tile Floor Cleaner. It’s an outstanding mix of price and value, and there are many options for you to pick from. Oct 28, 2021 ... Add a few drops of dawn dish washing soap and bam. It works great. 10-29 ...This is a 4 litre jar of water based liquid that does not leave any streaks. You pour this into a spray bottle, without diluting, and then spray and mop. It is suitable for vinyl, LVT, LVP, linoleum, stone, terrazzo, vinyl, sealed porous marble, laminate and no-wax sealed tile and porcelain floor tiles. Pros.One of the best cleansers for vinyl flooring is apple cider vinegar. The acidity in the vinegar helps remove dirt and grime without leaving a buildup of soap or wax. Simply mix one cup of cider ...Nov 21, 2015 ... Vinegar and Water Solution: A mixture of equal parts white vinegar and water can be an effective and affordable cleaner for tile floors. Vinegar ...VonHaus Upright Steam Mop. Our best hardwood floor cleaner reviews wouldn’t be complete without including this steam mop from VonHaus. This device comes with microfiber, machine-washable pads that are perfect for cleaning tile, laminate, and wood floors. There is also a pad specifically for carpeted surfaces.Mar 1, 2024 ... White vinegar is a natural degreaser that can help break through dirt and grime. • Rubbing alcohol kills germs and breaks down dirt and grease, ...Vinyl Flooring Cleaning Advice: Best Way to Clean Vinyl Plank Floors. Vinyl flooring is a popular type of budget-friendly but durable flooring that was originally made as a better alternative to linoleum flooring.It can withstand a lot of abuse which makes its ideal even for high-traffic areas and can last for a long time with proper care and maintenance.The first is week-to-week cleaning which consists of sweeping and vacuuming to remove any dirt or debris. The next way to clean is with a vinegar-water solution and should be completed monthly. This is a more involved, deep-cleaning solution that will result in squeaky clean floors. Try to set a date each month and stick to it for best results.Feb 8, 2024 · The Bottom Line. Overall, the Shark Wandvac Cordless Stick Vacuum with Self-Empty Charging Base is the best vacuum for tile floors because of its self-emptying feature, 30-minute runtime, and adjustable attachments that make for a convenient vacuuming experience. However, if you’re looking for a more affordable option, the Shark Wandvac ... 2. Sweep it. Use a big broom to clear the area of any debris, such as dried leaves, twigs, or stones. 3. Rinse it down. Use the garden hose to dampen and rinse the patio, or fill a bucket of water and carefully spread it evenly across the entire area. 4. Apply cleaner.If you have a lot of hard flooring – particularly of the wooden kind – then make this model is a shoo-in. Read my full Bissell Crosswave Cordless Max review, if you’re still not convinced ...Cement-based grouts will have a grittier texture and can be dissolved by acids, so it's best to use a neutral pH grout cleaner, according to the Tile Council.Grout Cleaning Method: Zep Grout Cleaner & Brightener. Total time: 5.5 minutes (including 3 minutes of waiting time) Rating: 5/5. The method: Zep Grout Cleaner & Brightener comes in a relatively large 32-ounce bottle. Its consistency is watery and you apply it by tipping the bottle and running it along the grout line.Sweep or vacuum regularly to keep dirt at bay. Mop with a mix of dish soap and water for a quick clean. Use a vinegar and water solution for a deeper, natural clean. Apply a baking soda paste to tackle …Apr 19, 2023 ... The 8 Best Floor Cleaners to Keep Your Home Spotless · Rejuvenate All Floors Cleaner · Lysol Clean And Fresh Multi Surface Cleaner · Bona ...May 3, 2023 · Damp Mop and Dry the Tile. Use plain warm water to damp mop or mix 1 gallon of warm water with a few drops of relatively mild ph-balanced dish soap. Do not saturate these floors as they will be more prone to water penetration than other materials. Dry the tiles with a clean towel or sponge after mopping. The Spruce / Liz Moskowitz. Cleaning. How to Clean Every Type of Tile Floor, According to Cleaning Experts. From ceramic to stone to linoleum, these tile cleaning tips will help you make it …Method 1: Bottled Grout Cleaners. To find the best bottled grout cleaner, I scoured online reviews and got input from thousands of Driven by Decor Instagram followers. I tested the three top rated and recommended products. The best of the best was Zep Grout Cleaner & Brightener, which can be used on both white and colored grout.Vinyl Flooring Cleaning Advice: Best Way to Clean Vinyl Plank Floors. Vinyl flooring is a popular type of budget-friendly but durable flooring that was originally made as a better alternative to linoleum flooring.It can withstand a lot of abuse which makes its ideal even for high-traffic areas and can last for a long time with proper care and maintenance.
Apr 8, 2023 ... Clean your floor with a soft scrub brush and the vinegar and water as suggested by Ann and Redcatcec. Then use a dry mop or large cloth to .... Guyute
Best mop overall: O-Cedar EasyWring Microfiber Spin Mop ; Best mop for smaller jobs: Oxo Good Grips Microfiber Spray Mop Kit ; Best mop for hardwood floors: Bona Hardwood Floor Premium Spray MopFeb 16, 2024 · Best Tile & Grout Cleaner for Floors: ZEP Grout Cleaner and Brightener at Amazon ($23) Jump to Review. Best Tile & Grout Cleaner for Hard Water: Jan 28, 2024 ... Top 7 Best Mops for Tile Floor in 2024 1 O-Cedar EasyWring Microfiber Spin Mop https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00WSWGVZQ 2 Oxo Good Grips ...For a true tile and grout deep cleaning, you need a true expert. You need COIT . Advanced heat-based technology, cleaning solutions, vacuum power, and high-pressure rinse to remove dirt and grime that others can't. We go deep to remove stubborn dirt - even in the most hard-to-reach corners. We finish the job by applying a penetrating sealer ...Feb 16, 2023 · Casabella Original Mop. The Casabella Original Mop made the top of our list of best floor mops. While this classic sponge mop works for cleaning any type of flooring, it’s an excellent choice for tile floors. The 10-inch cellulose sponge head absorbs liquid spills and scrubs off stuck-on messes on porcelain and ceramic tile. Best Overall: Black Diamond Ultimate Grout Cleaner. Best Gel: Soft Scrub With Bleach Cleaner Gel. Best for Natural Stone: Granite Gold Grout Cleaner. Best Long-Lasting: Microban 24-Hour Bathroom Cleaner. Best DIY Cleaner: Baking Soda, Hydrogen Peroxide + Soap.Jan 30, 2024 · To clean ceramic tiles, you'll only need gentle soap and water. Mix a mild detergent with warm water. Be careful not to use too much soap or you could end up with a film on your tile. If you need a deeper clean, try half a cup of vinegar diluted in a gallon of water. With your detergent mixture, use a chamois mop to clean your floors. Mix up a spray bottle of just a few drops of dish soap and hot water. Then spritz a section of the floor at a time and wipe with a damp microfiber mop. The floor should air-dry almost immediately, but if it feels …Keep in Mind. It’s abrasive on the hands—gloves are recommended. The Scrub Free with OxiClean Soap Scum Bathroom Cleaner is the best shower tile cleaner for removing soap scum. It’s extremely effective at targeting soap scum and other mess without requiring that much scrubbing.Use a damp microfiber mop or microfiber cloth to remove loose dirt and dust from the tile floor and grout. Make a paste. In a bowl or bucket, mix one cup of baking soda and 1/2 cup hydrogen peroxide. Or, one cup of baking soda, one tablespoon of oxygen-based bleach powder, and 1/2 cup of water. If you are cleaning the floor tile grout in a ...Keep in Mind. It’s abrasive on the hands—gloves are recommended. The Scrub Free with OxiClean Soap Scum Bathroom Cleaner is the best shower tile cleaner for removing soap scum. It’s extremely effective at targeting soap scum and other mess without requiring that much scrubbing.Oct 8, 2021 · Customer’s Choice: the Best Rated Floor Wax Removers. 96 users answered this survey. Please help us improve this review! 46.88% of users selected Trewax , 16.67% selected Trewax Professional Gold , 5.21% selected TUKNON, 7.29% selected Lundmark and 23.96% selected Zep ZULFFS128 . According to thorough testing, the Swiffer PowerMop Wood Mop system is a huge improvement on the WetJet—and Swiffer’s best mop for wood floors. Between the lemon-scented quick-dry wood floor cleaner and two included soft pads that absorb dirt and grime, it’s easy to clean floors in half the time of regular mops.How To Clean Grout:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOqkZSAOZjA*****How To Seal ….